NETWORKING & TELECOMMUNICATION

 Chapter -1

NETWORKING & TELECOMMUNICATION

1)    What is communication?

Ans: Sending and receiving information between two or more persons is called communication.

2)    What is telecommunication?

Ans: A system of transmission of text, image, data and sound in the form of electronic signals is known as telecommunication.

3)    What is data communication?

Ans: Data communication system is the collection of hardware, software and other devices that allows exchanging data, information and voice between two or more device through a wire or radio wave.

4)    Write down the components of data communication.

Ans: The components of data communication are:

i) Data    ii) Sender    iii) Medium    iv) Receiver    v) Protocol

5)    What is medium?

Ans: A path through which the sender makes communication to the receiver is known as medium.

6)    What is protocol?

Ans: A set of rules that must be followed by sender and receiver to make communication possible is known as protocol.

7)    Write down the modes of data transmission.

Ans: The modes of data transmission are:

i) Simplex mode    ii)Half duplex mode    iii) Full Duplex Mode

8)    Define simplex mode with example.

Ans: Simplex mode communication is a mode of communication or data transmission in which data flows in one direction only.

E.g.: Newspaper and television broadcast.

9)    Define half duplex mode with example.

Ans: Half duplex communication is a mode of transmission in which data can be transmitted in both directions but only in one direction at a time.

E.g.: Wireless handset and walky-talky.

10)    What is full duplex mode? Give example.

Ans: Full duplex communication is a mode of transmission in which data is transmitted in both the direction simultaneously on the same channel.

E.g.: Telephone, internet chat, etc.

11)    What is bandwidth?

Ans: Bandwidth can be defined as the data handling capacity of a communication system. It is measured in cycles per second (cps) and bits per second (bps) in analogue and digital devices respectively.

The maximum volume of data that can be transmitted through communication is called bandwidth.

12)    What is communication or transmission medium?

Ans: Communication or transmission medium is a channel through which data or signals can be transmitted from one point to another.

13)    How can we measure bandwidth?

Ans: We can measure bandwidth in digital devices by bits per second and in analogue devices by cycles per second or Hertz (Hz).

14)    What is guided medium?

Ans: Guided medium is the transmission medium in which data signals flow through specified path in cable or wires. E.g.: twisted pair cable, co-axial cable, fibre optics cable, etc.

15)    What is unguided medium?

Ans: Unguided medium is the transmission medium in which data/signals flow through the air. E.g.: radio frequency, microwave, infrared transmission, etc.

16)    Write down the types of communication medium.

Ans: The types of communication medium are:

i) Guided or bounded or wired medium

ii) Unguided or unbounded or wireless medium

17)    What is twisted pair cable?

Ans: The type of wires which are made of copper and a pair of wires are twisted together is known as twisted pair cable.

18)    What is co-axial cable?

Ans: A wire with single ended single reference where the central conductor carries the data signal.

19)    What is fiber optics cable?

Ans: Fiber optics cable is one of the costlier cables used in data communication which uses light to carry a data signal through the cable.

20)    What is radio wave transmission?

Ans: A type of unguided transmission in which the signal is carried over by carrier wave is known as radio wave transmission.

21)    What is microwave transmission?

Ans: Microwave, which is also called line of sight communication, is a wireless technology that can be used to transmit data between two different networks or computers.

22)    What is infrared transmission?

Ans: Infrared transmissions are just below visible transmission light which allows high speed data transmission.

23)    Differentiate between guided and unguided media.

Ans: The differences between guided and unguided media are:

Guided media	Unguided Media
It is the transmission media in which data signals flows through specified path.	It is the transmission media in whicj data signal flows through air.
Data or signal sent through it propagates in the form of voltage, current or photons.	Data or a signal sent through it propagates in the form of electromagnetic waves.
It is mainly suited for point to point line configuration.	It is mainly used for broadcasting purposes.
Example:- Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber optics etc	Example:- Radio wave, Microwave, infrared etc

24)    Differentiate between shielded and unshielded twisted pair.

Ans: The differences between shielded twisted pair and unshielded twisted pair are:

Shielded Twisted Pair	Unshielded Twisted Pair
It is made up of twisted pair wires with additional shielded and drain wires.	It is made up of twisted pair wires without additional shielded and drain wires.
D-shell connectors are used with shielded twisted pair.	RJ-45 connector is commonly used with unshielded twisted pair.
It is costlier than UTP cables.	It is cheaper than STP cables.
It has got better noise rejection capacity.	It has poor noise rejection capacity.

25)    Differentiate between radio wave and microwave communication media.

Ans: The differences between radio wave and microwave are as follows:

Radio wave	Microwave
It is a form of wireless communications in which signals are sent through radio frequency waves.	It is a form of wireless communication in which data signals are sent through pulses of electromagnetic energy.
It requires antenna for connection for communication.	It requires repeater or amplifier for communication.
It provides low bandwidth for data communication.	It provides higher bandwidth for data communiation.
It doesn’t require a line of sight.	It requires a line of sight.

26)    What is computer network?

Ans: Computer network means two or more computers connected with each other to share data, hardware, software and other resources.

27)    Write down any four advantages of computer network.

Ans: Any four advantages of computer network are as follows:

i) Computer in a network can access network connected hardware devices like printer, disk drives, etc.

ii) Information can be exchanged rapidly in computer network.

iii) Computers in a network environment can be updated from any computer.

iv) Software packages can be shared between network connected computers.

28)    Write any 4 disadvantages of computer network.

Ans: Any 4 disadvantages of computer network are as follows:

i) Failure of server stops application being available.

ii) Network failure causes loss of data.

iii) Network makes user works dependent.

iv) System opens to hackers.

29)    Define hardware components.

Ans: Physical parts and devices used to connect computers in the network environment are called hardware components.

30)    What is server?

Ans: A server is the main computer that provides services, data and other resources to the other computers in the network environment.

31)    Write down any three features of LAN.

Ans: Any three features of LAN are:

i) The diameter is not more than a few kilometres.

ii) LAN offers bandwidth of 10-100 Mbps.

iii) It is controlled by single organization.

32)    Write down the features of MAN.

Ans: The features of MAN are:

i) It covers a limited geographical area.

ii) It may be owned by single or multiple organizations.

iii) It uses cable or wireless connections.

iv) It uses private or public connection medium.

33)    Write down the features of WAN.

Ans: The features of WAN are:

i) It covers a large geographical area.

ii) It is owned by multiple organizations.

iii) It uses public connection medium.

34)    What is topology?

Ans: The arrangement or connection pattern of computer or nodes and other devices of the network are known as topology.

35)    What is node?

Ans: Each computer or device of network is called node.

36)    What are the advantages and disadvantages of bus topology?

Ans: The advantages are:

i) It is easy to set up computers and other devices in bus topology.

ii) It requires less cable media so it is cheaper.

iii) It is easy to add new node to the network.

The disadvantages of bus topology are:

i) The whole network system collapse if the cable or backbone is damaged.

ii) The network slows down in additional computers are connected.

iii) The limited length of the cable in the network may restrict to connect the workstations or devices.

iv) Difficult to detect errors.

37)    Write down the differences between LAN and MAN.

Ans: The difference between LAN and MAN are given below:

LAN	MAN
It is a network which covers small area i.e. within a room, building, or short distance.	It is a network which covers an entire city or a big area.
It is controlled by a single organization.	It is controlled by single or group of organization.
It uses private connection media.	It uses private or public connection media.
E.g.: network in a school, college or cyber café	E.g.: interconnection between different branches on same branch

 

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38)    Write down the differences between MAN and WAN.

Ans: The difference between MAN and WAN are given below:

MAN	WAN
It is a network which covers an entire city.	It is a network that covers large area or whole world.
It is controlled by single or group of organizations.	It is controlled my multiple organizations.
It uses private or public connection media	It uses public communication media like telephone or wireless technology.

39)    What is bus topology?

Ans: The topology in which computers and other devices are arranged in linear format is called bus topology.

40)    What is ring topology?

Ans: The topology in which computers are connected in the shape of a circle without any end points is called ring topology.

41)    What is star topology?

Ans: The topology in which all computers or the network devices are connected through a central device in the shape of star structure is called star topology.

42)    What is client/server network?

Ans: Client/ server network is a type of network architecture that consist of at least one server and one or more workstations.

43)    What is peer-to-peer network?

Ans: Peer-to-peer network is a type of network architecture in which computers function both as workstation and server.

44)    What do you mean by centralized computing network.

Ans: A centralized computing network is a network in which a central host computer performs data processing and storage on behalf of clients.

45)    What is workstation?

Ans: Workstation is a computer network that utilizes network resources.

46)    Differentiate between client/server network and peer-to-peer network.

Ans: The difference between client-server network and peer-to-peer network are given below:

Client/Server network	Peer-to-peer network
It consists of at least one server and one or more client.	It is a group of computers which function both as server and workstation.
It provides centralized network administration.	It lacks centralized network administration.
It provides high security of data and other resources.	It provides no reliable security and might put data on risk.
It is suitable for large organization where data security is required.	It is suitable for small organization and home usage where data and other securities are not required.

47)    What is router?

Ans: A router is an intelligent network device which connects two different networks having same protocol.

48)    What is NIC?

Ans: A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the adapter through which the computer is connected to the network.

49)    What is cable?

Ans: Cables are commonly used media of physical channel for transmitting data between computers in network.

50)    What is connector?

 Ans: Connector is an interface between the NIC of the computer and the cable that passes data between computers in network.

51)    Write down the main function of NIC?

Ans: The main function of NIC is to act as the interface to connect the computer to network and control the flow of data in computer network.

52)    What is hub?

Ans: A hub is a network device that joins multiple computers and other devices through its port.

53)    What is switch?

Ans: A switch is a network device that connects computers, network devices and LAN segments.

54)    What is gateway?

Ans: Gateway is a dedicated server that connects two networks having dissimilar communication protocols.

55)    What is repeater?

Ans: Repeater is a device that amplifies the incoming signals, creates a copy of it and transmits the signal on network.

56)    What is MODEM?

Ans: MODEM is a device which is used to transfer the data of one computer to another computer using telephone lines.

57)    What is modulation?

Ans: The process of translating digital signals of a computer to analog signals, which are then transmitted across the standard telephone lines, is known as modulation.

58)    What is demodulation?

Ans: The process of translating analog signals from a phone line and converts then into digital signals for the computer is known as demodulation.

59)    What is device driver?

Ans: Device driver is a program that controls the functionality of the hardware device.

60)    What is intranet?

Ans: An intranet is a private computer network that uses the internet protocol to securely share any part of information of an organization.

61)    What is extranet?

Ans: An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from outside for specific business or educational purposes.

62)    Give any four examples of network operating system.

Ans: Any four examples of network operating system are:

•    Novell network

•    Microsoft Windows NT

•    Linux

•    Unix

63)    Write down the function of NIC.

Ans: The function of NIC is to convert data into electronic signals and transfer them through cables and vice-versa.

64)    Write down the importance of MODEM.

Ans: The importances of MODEM are:

•    Access internet

•    Perform modulation and demodulation process

•    Transfer data from one computer to another through telephone line

65)    Define LAN.

Ans: A LAN is a network of computers that are relatively near to each other and are connected in a way that enables them to communicate by using cables and small wireless devices.

66)    Define MAN.

Ans: A MAN is a network of computer is computers which are spread over a metropolitan area such as within a city.

67)    Define WAN.

Ans: A WAN is a network system of connecting two or more computers generally across a wide geographical area such as cities, districts, and countries.

68)    Give any two examples of data communication.

Ans: Any two examples of data communication are:

•    E-mail

•    Chat

69)    Write down the disadvantages of client server.

Ans: The disadvantages are:

i) It is more expensive than peer-to-peer.

ii) A wee-trained network administration is required to manage network.

70)    Write down the disadvantages of peer-to-peer.

Ans: The disadvantages are

i) The expansion of network is limited.

ii) It tends to slow down with network load.

71)    What is network operating system?

Ans: Network operating system is a set of computer program that manages the resources on network.

72)    What are the advantages and disadvantages of ring topology?

Ans: The advantages of ring topology are :

i) It is easy it set up and configure.

ii) Each computer gets equal opportunity to access the network resources.

iii) It supports high data transmission rate.

The disadvantages of ring topology are :

i)Failure of any cable or single computers may affect the entire network.

ii) It is difficult to detect the errors.

iii) Adding/removing the devices affect the entire network.

73)    What are the advantages and disadvantages of star topology?

Ans: The advantages of star topology are :

i) Easy to set up and configure.

ii) Failure of single computer or cable doesn’t affect the entire network.

iii) It is easy to detect errors.

iv) It is easy to extend to network by attaching new devices to the central devices.

The disadvantages of star topology are:

i) It requires more cable in comparison of bus topology so it is more costly.

ii) Failure of central devices (hub or switch) break down the whole system.

74)    What are the advantages and disadvantages of bus topology?

Ans: The advantages of bus topology are:

i.    It is easy to set up computers and other devices in bus topology, because all the devices are connected through a single wire.

ii.    It requires fewer cable media, so it is cheaper than other topologies.

The disadvantages of disadvantages are:

•    The whole network system collapses if the cable or backbone is damaged.

•    The network slows down if additional computers are connected.

•    The limited length of the cable in a network may restrict to connect the workstation or devices.

•    It is difficult to detect the errors in this network.